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DOCUMENTATION FOR
RHEMA 1.0
GREEK VOCABULARY DRILL SYSTEM
Jan 14, 1987 By Daniel Crider
INTRODUCTION
Like many students of New Testament, I was having a hard
time with learning ancient Greek. It was not that the grammar was
that hard, it was that my mind rebelled at the thought of
spending thousands of hours trying to memorize the vocabulary. I
tried sneaky memory tricks to fool my mind into learning new
words (lets see, "BALLO" sounds like "ball" and it means "I
throw"). But not all Greek words can fit in to tricks like that.
In fact, only a handful are easy to draw mental word pictures
with. So I tried the old "write the word 2000 times" trick to
burn it into my mind. But if you write "KATERGAZOMAI" 2000 times
and still have the Greek spelling correct then you have
"accomplished" something! So finally I settled on the ancient
tried and true method of flashcards. But I didn't like the store
bought sets because their type was usually a different typeface
than the Greek in my GREEK NEW TESTAMENT. And it might wind up
looking very little like the hand written Greek that I saw on my
tests (for the advanced Greek student a change in typeface is no
sweat, but for us beginners it tends to turn familiar words who
are old friends into aliens from another world). So I began to
write my own flash cards. But then I found that I began to learn
words not so much by their letters as by things like that coffee
stain on "KALOS" and the extra ink blot that I made on "KALEO". I
also started losing cards, so I started punching holes in them
and using a little ring to keep them together. Now I began to
learn them by the normal order I kept my cards in. (Isn't it
amazing how many ways our minds can find to cheat in memory
work)!
I also tried to keep a written list of all my vocabulary
words to help me in my translations and in my studies. Naturally,
I alphabetized it (or is that Alpha-Beta-ized?) by the GREEK
alphabet. Which meant that as I learned new words I had to make a
new list from scratch. And flipping through vocab cards just
wasn't much fun. I wanted some way to learn the words just as
words, and some good way to practice the ones I had trouble with,
and some easy way to keep vocabulary lists, and maybe some way to
actually enjoy learning Greek. And since I was planning to go
into the ministry I certainly wanted to hang on to all of my
hard-won new knowledge (i.e. to remember a few words for at least
a few weeks after that major test).
Make no mistake about it. Learning Greek is no piece of cake
(or "artos" either). If you are unwilling to put some time and
work into learning this language then this program is not going
to be an easy "no work on your part" simple soultion to passing èyour next test (and especially not to reading the Greek New
Testament). But this system can help those of you who are willing
to work by organizing and simplfying your vocabulary drills. And
the largest part of learning any language is learning the
vocabulary. And this should make a regular vocabulary review
much more painless for those of you who wish to remember and use
your Greek after you "learn" it the first time. I don't claim
that this program is the perfect solution to mastering Greek, but
it sure has helped me! And it may be just the thing to challenge
you and keep you sharp on your vocabulary.
LEGAL FORMALITIES
COPYRIGHT 1987 BY DANIEL R. CRIDER
This system is released into the Public Domain on a SHAREWARE
basis. Please send $15 to Daniel Crider for the right to use this
program. This program is not to be re-sold or re-released with
any commercial package. It may be used for educational purposes
by schools and religious bodies so long as the institution buys
one copy. Such an institution may then make as many copies as
they wish for backup and onsite learning lab purposes. Individual
students are asked to buy individual copies for home use. The
user has the right to make any changes he wishes to his own
personal copy, so long as he does not distribute versions of his
copy. The only version in circulation should be the author's
original. Comments and suggestions for improvement are welcome
and earnestly desired. This program is released under the
assumption that most of the people who will use it and benefit
from it are people of high ethics who are preparing for service
in Ministerial or Academic careers or who desire to become deeper
and stronger Christians through a more intensive study of the
Word of God. Those who pay for their own copies (as all should)
will be sent free upgrades and will be personally notified of any
other low-cost software designed by the author to aid language
students and church ministry. Please mail your payment to:
DANIEL CRIDER
6604 CERVANTES AVE
FT. WORTH, TEXAS 76133
COMMENTS MAY BE MAILED TO THE SAME ADDRESS OR MESSAGES MAY BE LEFT ON:
TERRY CARROLL'S
THE POOR MAN'S Z-NODE
817-283-9167
**or**
RON LANE'S
FORT WORTH KAYPRO USERS GROUP RCPM & MBBS
817-540-4183è
RHEMA SYSTEM GENERAL INFORMATION
SYSTEM FEATURES:
1. Wide system compatibility.
2. Customizing of character set possible.
3. Large potential vocabulary files (over 2500 words on a 300K
disk).
4. Printed vocabulary listings in either sorted or non-sorted form
which will list on any 80 character printer.
5. Easy word entry with lots of chances to correct mistakes.
6. Capability to easily correct any errors in vocabulary file.
7. Four different kinds of drills, all of which keep a running
score (to increase your motivation!) and which will periodically
re-ask words you have missed.
8. A fourth drill option of limiting any drill to a particular
part of speech (verbs only, nouns only, etc.).
9. Possible Remote usage under MBYE or other remote operating
systems in learning lab applications.
PACKAGE CONTENTS
Your RHEMA GREEK Vocabulary Drill System should contain the
following files:
1. RHEMA.BAS............Main Basic Program
2. DRILLG.BAS...........A "stripped-down" version of the main
program which can easily be run remotely in school
applications.
3. SORTG.BAS............A "stripped-down" version of the main
program which is useful for sorting large vocabulary files.
4. ALPHA.BAS..........An ASCII file which can be loaded and
edited by most BASIC interpreters or word-processors
which contains the drawings of the GREEK aphabet and accents.
5. VOCAB.GRK................A sample vocabulary file containing over
100 commonly used words from the Greek New Testament.
6. RHEMA.WS/RHEMA.DOC...This documentation package. RHEMA.WS is
documentation in a WORDSTAR format while RHEMA.DOC is this
documentation is a standard ASCII text file.
OPERATION OF THE RHEMA SYSTEM
Some of you who have just bought this system will be dying to get
started, if you are anything like most people with a new piece of
software. Here are the steps to follow as you begin:
1. Begin by making a backup copy. This may help to prevent either
insanity or the wonton destruction of your computer system at a
later date. You should also frequently back up your system to
keep a second copy of your VOCABULARY files. See the APENDIX for
suggested backup procedures.
DO NOT PLAY WITH THE PROGRAM UNTIL YOU HAVE MADE
YOUR FIRST BACKUP COPY
2. Insert your new working disk into your system's B drive (or
second drive). If you have a copy of WORDSTAR then place it in
your A drive (or main drive). Use WORDSTAR to print the file
RHEMA.WS. If you do not have WORDSTAR then use whatever word
processing software you have to print RHEMA.DOC. These files both
contain you documentation. RHEMA.WS is for WORDSTAR, RHEMA.DOC is
for those of you who do not have WORDSTAR. The information in
RHEMA.WS and RHEMA.DOC is the same.
Note: If you have no printer, or cannot print your documentation
for any reason then contact the software author:
Daniel Crider
6604 Cervantes Ave.
Ft. Worth, TX. 76133
A printed copy of your documentation will be sent to you at no
charge.
3. Read your documentation. ALL of it. Remember the following
maximum:
"WHEN ALL ELSE FAILS TRY READING THE DIRECTIONS.
IF THAT DOES NOT WORK TRY FOLLOWING THEM."
4. Start the RHEMA system by loading the program RHEMA.BAS into
your BASIC interpreter. If you are using Microsoft Basic on a CPM
system then the correct command should be something like:
MBASIC RHEMA
If you have an MS-DOS system the command may be:
è GWBASIC RHEMA
Other systems will probably use:
BASIC RHEMA
The program begins by loading its alphabet in from the file
ALPHA.BAS. You are then asked to enter a Random number seed. If
you enter the same number each time you will get the same drills
when you practice your vocabulary.
After you enter your Random number seed, your screen should
clear and you should see the RHEMA MAIN MENU. It looks like this:
RHEMA 1.0
GREEK VOCABULARY DRILL SYSTEM
MASTER MENU
1-- ADD NEW WORDS TO VOCABULARY
2-- REVIEW LAST X WORDS
3-- REVIEW ENTIRE VOCABULARY
4-- REVIEW ENTIRE VOCABULARY--
--CONCENTRATE ON LAST X WORDS
5-- PRINT VOCABULARY
6-- CORRECT VOCABULARY
7-- END PROGRAM
At this point you should enter some number between 1 and 7
and strike the RETURN key.
VOCABULARY DRILL
(MASTER MENU OPTIONS 2, 3, OR 4)
The RHEMA system offers you three menu options on your
drill: To drill over your entire vocabulary, to drill over your
most recent words, or to cover your entire vocabulary while
concentrating on your most recent words. If you choose one of the
latter two options you will be asked to enter the number of most
recent words you would like to concentrate on.
As soon as you select any one of the three menu options you will
get an opportunity to select a fourth variation. The system will
ask you:
DO YOU WISH TO LIMIT YOUR DRILL TO A PARTICULAR TYPE OF SPEECH?
If you answer this with a "N" then the drills will cover all
types of words in your vocabulary. If you answer this with a "Y"
then you will be prompted:
ENTER YOUR SELECTED WORD TYPE TO DRILL
1. VERBS 2. NOUNS 3. PRONOUNS 4. ADJECTIVES 5. ADVERBS 6. OTHER
ENTER YOUR CHOICE 1-6è
At this point you will enter some number between 1 and 6.
All drill until you return to the MAIN MENU will be limited to
this part of speech.
Note: In order to make vocabulary drills reasonable as far as
disk search algorithms and your wait time, the limiting option
can be used only if you have at least 15 words present in the
review area that fall into the category you select. For example,
if you were to specify limiting and select verbs, and you were
using menu option 3 (drill over entire vocabulary), then your entire
vocabulary file would have to have at least 15 verbs in it. In
another example, if you specified limiting, selected nouns, and
picked menu option 2 (reveiw last X words) with X set to 20, then
out of the last 20 words in the vocabulary file at least 15 would
have to be nouns.
Should your reveiw area have less than 15 words in it of the
type selected for limiting, then limiting will automatically dis-
able itself and you will have a review drill which is not limited
to any particular type of word.
All drills can give you a score breakdown (words asked,
words gotten right, grade) at any time by entering the word
"SCORE" at the definition prompt. Entering the word "HALT" at the
prompt will stop the drill and return you to the Main Menu. If
you don't know a word you may enter a guess, or you may just hit
the ENTER or RETURN key.
A Correct response will say "*** CORRECT ***" flash the
correct definition as it was loaded into the file for a moment
before going to another word.
Incorrect responses will cause the terminal to BEEP and
print the phase "*** INCORRECT ANSWER ***". The computer will
then hold the correct definition on the screen until you strike
some key on the keyboard. The computer will then ask you the
missed word for twice more in a row (with no change on your
score for correct answers on this "drill" section). If you can
correctly answer the missed word two times, then another word
is selected and scoring resumes (with a minor bonus for the two
right answers). Each miss (even during the drill for a missed
word) will require two more practice tries on the missed word.
Words that are missed by you are remembered by the computer.
Periodically it will re-call those words to see if you have
learned them. A correct response to a recall will cause the
computer to remove the word from the "miss list" and put it back
in the normal pool. A second or third miss just keeps it on the
list.
Words that are correctly answered are not asked again for
a while. The interval between queries of the same word depends on
how many words you have in your vocabulary, what types they are
(if you are using a limited drill), and how big an X factor you
choose on menu options 2 and 4. If possible, the program will try
not to recall the same word for at least 30 words.
*****è
ADDING NEW WORDS
(MASTER MENU OPTION 1)
How do you get GREEK into a computer that speaks ENGLISH?
It is not as hard as you might think. When you first take the
menu option to add new words you will be asked:
DO YOU WANT MENUS?
Always answer "Y" until you become comfortable with the
program. In fact, you may never want to say "N" to menus. The only
reason the option is present is so that if you are running the
software remote (such as calling a school computer from your home
computer) at a low speed (such as 300 baud) you can write down
the menus and not waste the time of letting them dribble across
your screen.
At this point you will be shown the following menu of loading
options:
ENTER YOUR CHOICE OF LOADING SET-UPS
1.--STANDARD LOAD
2.--QUICK LOAD BY LETTER NUMBER
3.--TRANSLITERATION LOAD
ENTER YOUR CHOICE 1, 2, OR 3
STANDARD LOAD
STANDARD LOAD is the most time consuming, but is best for
beginners until they get the hang of the RHEMA system. It will
give you the most help and the easiest with which to correct
mistakes.
Once you are in the word-addition loop you will first be
asked to enter the number of letters in the word. Your maximum
is 12 letters. Then you will see a menu listing all of the
GREEK letters, dipthongs, blank, and "correct last LETTER".
IMPORTANT NOTE: Be CERTAIN that you have the correct number of
letters. If you blow this number the only way to change it is
to go to the CORRECT VOCABULARY section and take option 4--
RE-ENTER WORD FROM SCRATCH. (And if your all hyped up to enter a
bunch of new vocabulary pulling out of ADD NEW WORDS and going
off to CORRECT VOCABULARY is not much fun).
Enter each LETTER by the number assigned to it. Enter
numbers one at a time, and strike the return key after each
number. As soon as you enter each number and strike RETURN the
screen will clear, the menu will be redisplayed, and the word as
you have entered it so far will appear beneath the menu, one
letter at a time. SIGMAs that fall as the last letter of a word
are automatically switched to the FINAL SIGMA form.è As you are entering letters if you make a mistake and pick
the wrong one you may correct the problem on the next LETTER
request. Simply enter a 30, for "CORRECT LAST LETTER". The
program will ask you if you want to correct the last letter, and
then show you the letter it is asking about. If you opt to
correct then the last letter entered is erased and you get to re-
enter it.
Sometimes you may wish to enter a short phrase or an idiom
of some kind. Or you may wish to include the article with a noun
(which is an excellent idea!) The program has a blank space for
this very purpose. The software allows only 1 blank between any
two letters. You may put two or three blanks in an entire phrase
(like a three word phrase separated by one blank each).
When you enter the number of letters for the word include
any internal blanks in your count. This also includes any blanks
which you plan to place an APOSTROPHE over to indicate a missing
letter. Thus something like "DI'AUTOU" ("through him") is counted
as eight letters. You could also put a blank betwen a word and its
article. Note the following literal example which is considered as
9 letters:
@ @@
@ @
@ @
@@@ @ @
@ @ @@ @ @ @ @@@@ @@@@@ @@@@ @@@@ @@@@
@ @ @ @ @@@@@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
@ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @ @
@@@@ @@ @ @@@ @ @ @ @ @ @@@@ @@@@
@ @ @ @
@ @ @ @
The choice of putting a leading article with your nouns to
help with noun study is an excellent idea. Unfortunately, your
screen is only 80 characters long, so some of the longer nouns
may have to go without the article. Remember, your maximum is 12
letters, including the article and the space between the article
and the word.
You might also wish to include with some nouns genative
endings (ex: THEOS, -OU). You have a hyphen for this purpose.
After you have entered all of the letters the program
shows you your word and asks you if all of the letters are
correct. If you answer "Y", you move on to accents and marks. A
"N" response will give you the following menu:
PLEASE CHOOSE ONE OF THE FOLLOWING:
1. ABORT-RETURN TO MAIN MENU
2. RETRY THIS WORD FROM SCRATCH
3. FIX THIS WORD
ENTER 1, 2 OR 3
At this point you may select 1 if you wish to stop loading
words and return to the main menu. The current word is forgotton èif you do that. Or you make take option 2 which will let you
start this word over. This is useful if you have entered the
wrong number of letters. Option 3 is used if you have entered one
or more letters incorrectly, but do not wish to re-enter the
whole word from scratch. It will let you select which letter(s)
to change, and will allow you to correct them.
ACCENTS AND SPECIAL MARKS
The accent/mark routine works in a manner similar to the
letter routine. A menu of accents and special marks is displayed.
Pick your accents by number one at a time. First enter the number
of the letter you wish to place an acent or mark over. Letter
number 1 is always the left-most letter in the word. After you
have picked your letter, the computer will ask you for the number
off of the menu for the accent or mark you want to go over your
seleceted letter. Each time you enter an accent or mark the
menu is redisplayed and the word in its current form is
shown. As with letters, you have a "blank" accent. This is useful
for erasing mistakes. Just re-select the letter which has an
accent or mark and which does not need one, and give it a blank
instead. The letter beneath remains unchanged.
Once you have entered all of the accents and marks then
choose letter # 99 to end the accent/mark load. The program will
then ask you if they are all correct. If not, you will be
returned to the accent/mark menu and be given a chance to fix any
problems.
DEFINITIONS
As soon as you get all of your accents and marks right you
will be asked for a definition. Definitions are limited to 65
characters. Multiple definitions separated by **OR** are
possible. The drill will take your answer and attempt to match it
to some part of the definition. If your entire answer can be
found anywhere within the definition it will be counted correct.
WORD TYPE
Once you enter the definition, you will be given the
following prompt:
WHAT KIND OF WORD IS THIS? SELECT ONE OF THE FOLLOWING:
1. VERB 2. NOUN 3. PRONOUN 4. ADJECTIVE 5. ADVERB 6. OTHER
ENTER CHOICE (1-6)
At this point you should select what kind of word your new
word is and chose the corresponding number.
NEW WORD STORAGE
Once the definition is entered and the type selected you
will be asked if you are ready to store the word. If you answer è"N" you will be re-prompted for the definition and word type. If
you answer "Y" the word will be written to the next disk record.
You should be able to get about 2500 words in approximately 300K
of disk space.
IF THIS SOUNDS HARD...
The procedure to enter new words looks on paper to be long
and complex. Actually it is pretty easy. The best way to learn is
to just to enter a few words. Once you put in two or three you
will probably be ready for the QUICKLOAD option.
QUICK LOAD BY LETTER NUMBER
The normal method of entering new words is to run through
the following little sequence:
1. MENU DISPLAYED
2. WORD DISPLAYED
3. PICK UP NEXT LETTER
1. MENU DISPLAYED
2. WORD DISPLAYED
3. PICK UP NEXT LETTER
ETC.,ETC.,ETC.
You will soon wish there was some way to enter all of your
letters at once without seeing the menu and the word over and
over again. Well, this is one wish that is easily granted. Select
the QUICK LOAD option when you choose your loading set-up. QUICK
LOAD will begin (just like normal) by asking you the number of
letters, clearing the screen, and displaying the LETTER menu. But
then you may enter your letters all at once. Use 2-digit codes
separated by a comma, a space, a or a period. For example, lets
say you want a Theta on your 1st LETTER (the one on the far left
hand side), an Epsilon on your second letter, a Lambda in the
third, and an Omega for the last (THELO).
The menu assigns a code 8 to Theta, a code 5 to Epsilon, a code
11 to Lambda and a code 24 to Omega. You enter:
08.05.11.24
And strike the return key. After you enter the letters, the
program will show you the word and give you the chance to fix any
letter. After you tell the program that all the letters are
correct you will be asked to enter the accents and marks. Again
the ACCENTS AND SPECIAL MARKS menu would appear and the word with
the letters you have picked would be displayed. From then on
QUICK LOAD is just like the STANDARD LOAD word adding procedure.
You get to check your accents, enter your definition, and store
the word. And once you learn QUICK LOAD you should be able to
enter 20 to 40 new vocabulary words within an hour (provided of
course that you are not a "HEN-PECK" typist).
TRANSLITERATION LOAD
This is the simplest and the fastest of the three loading
methods. It does not have the precision of QUICK LOAD or the help
of STANDARD LOAD, but it may soon become the only way you want to
enter new words. All you have to do is enter transliterated
English (like "THELO" for the above example). This method does
have a few drawbacks though. Both Epsilon and Eta tranliterate to
the English "E". RHEMA will always pick Epsilon for an "E",
unless it falls at the end of a word. Also both Omicron and Omega
transliterate to the English "O". RHEMA will use Omega if the "O"
is at the end of a word (like "THELO") and Omicron if the "O" èfalls anywhere else (like "AGGELOS"). Also there is no way to
load an improper dipthong (ALPHA-IOTA, ETA-IOTA, or OMEGA-IOTA)
from TRANSLITERATION load. Other things to be aware of are that
words which begin with an "H" followed by a vowel lose that "H"
to a rough breathing mark (like "HODOS"). The same is true for a
word which begins with a consonant followed by an "H" (like
"RHEMA").
NOTE: ALWAYS BE SURE TO TYPE LETTERS IN UPPER CASE WHEN USING
TRANSLITERATION LOAD.
Once TRANSLITERATION load makes its first try at the Greek,
it will show you the word and give you the chance to correct any
letters (such as swapping Etas for Epsilons. If TRANSLITERATION
load has hopelessly mangled some word and you would like to try
to load it some other way, you may answer the
ARE LETTERS CORRECT?
prompt with the word "ABORT". This will return you to the Main
Menu. If the word is usable and you answer "ARE LETTERS
CORRECT?" with "Y" then you will go on to Accents and Special
Marks in the normal manner.
*****
WORD CORRECTION
(MASTER MENU OPTION 6)
Even with all of those chances to check your work you will
still occasionally get a word loaded into the VOCAB file
incorrectly. You can fix anything you have done with the CORRECT
VOCABULARY option from the master menu.
You will first be asked to enter the word number of the word
you wish to correct. These word numbers are the same as record
numbers, since one word is stored on each record in the disk
file. The printed listing will give you the word numbers for all
of your words. Or, if you don't want to bother looking through
the list (or you are running remotely and can't look through the
list) then you can have the computer search for the word number.
To do this, enter "S" instead of a word number. The computer will
ask you for a definition to look for. You can enter a single
word, or a phrase, or an entire definition, or just a few
letters. The program will scan the file and list all of the word
numbers which contain the definition you entered. Write these
numbers down on a pad or a piece of paper. Then pick one of the
numbers and try it. If it is not the word you want, get another
word. Keep doing this until you find the word you are looking
for.
When you know the word number you want to correct and have
entered it, the computer will display the GREEK word, its
definition, and a word correction menu. You may change accents,
letters, definitions, or just scratch the word and re-enter it
completely. After each change the program shows you the current èform of the word and definition and then redisplayes the
correction menu.
IMPORTANT NOTES ABOUT CORRECTING WORDS
1. SAVE THAT WORD! When you are correcting words and/or
definitions what you see on the screen is the word's current form
in your computer's memory. It is not the word's form on disk. The
word's form on disk REMAINS UNCHANGED until you STORE THE WORD ON
DISK (option # 6). So, make your changes, then store the word,
then either get another word to correct or return to RHEMA's master
menu. If you get another word or return to the master menu without
storing the corrected word then the word retains its original
form and definition.
2. AVOID DELETING WORDS. You can delete a word off the disk, but
once it is gone...its gone! And that particular record will never
be used by the program again. RHEMA automatically skips deleted
records and does not include them in its word count. To maintain
system simplicity new words are always added at the end of the
VOCAB file. If you must get rid of a word, it would be better to
take option 4--RE-ENTER WORD FROM SCRATCH. This option will allow
you to enter a completely new word in this slot.
3. MAKE SURE YOU HAVE THE LAST WORD. The system needs its last
record to contain a real word. Should you attempt to delete the
last word, RHEMA will give you an error message and return to the
correction menu. If you must get rid of the last word, put some
other vocabulary word in there in stead. Or add another word and
then delete what was the last word.
4. RE-ENTERING A WORD FROM SCRATCH is the only way to change the
number of letters in a word. It runs just like the section on
ADDING NEW WORDS.
5. IF JUST WANT TO LOOK at a word then this is the place to do
it. Call the word up like you were going to correct it, but don't
make any changes. Instead, just either go get another word or
return to the master menu.
PRINTING YOUR VOCABULARY
(MASTER MENU OPTION 5)
RHEMA will print your vocabulary on any 80-column printer.
You will first be prompted with the question "DO YOU WISH TO
PRINT ACTUAL GREEK?". If you answer "Y" then RHEMA prints 3 words
to a page, each word is printed exactly as it is displayed on the
screen. Also the word number, the definition(s), and the
transliteration are printed . This will take a lot of paper, but
might be useful for flashcards. If you answer "DO YOU WISH TO
PRINT ACTUAL GREEK?" with "N" then RHEMA gives you all of the
above information, but does not print Greek. Instead you will
have to depend on the English transliteration. This type of èlisting will print 9 words to a page.
RHEMA allows you to print either your entire vocabulary or a
portion of your vocabulary. You will first be asked: "DO YOU WISH
TO PRINT OUT THE ENTIRE VOCABULARY?". If you answer "N" to this
prompt you will be given the chance to print out some portion of
your vocabulary. On a partial printing you will need to supply
the first word number to begin printing with and the last word
number to print. RHEMA will then print all of the words from your
starting word through your ending word in consecutive order.
Should you choose to print the entire vocabulary, you may
print it in either SORTED order or in consecutive order. A
consecutive print just prints the words in the order that they
happen to be in your file. It is much faster than a sorted
listing.
If you choose a SORTED order then RHEMA will sort your
vocabulary by the GREEK letters. This takes a while, a long while
if you have a lot of words. How long? This depends on the speed
of your computer ,how many words you have, and how far out of
order they are to begin with. Plan on at least half an hour for
most systems if you have more than 100 words. It is also possible
that your vocabulary may be to big to sort from the main program
(RHEMA.BAS). If this is the case, you will get an "OUT OF STRING
SPACE" error from BASIC. You can still probably get a sorted
listing though. A much smaller program which does nothing but
sort and print your vocabulary is included in your system. If you
run out of space return to your operating system level (usually
with the command "SYSTEM" on Microsoft Basic). Then use basic to
run the program SORTG.BAS.
The sorted listing is a little more trouble to produce than
the non-sorted listing, but it is much more convenient to use.
You can quickly use a sorted listing to check your vocabulary,
and you may also find it an aid to translations (at least until
you have spent enough time with RHEMA's vocabulary drills to
memorize all of your words).
Any of the printing options should print on any kind of
printer (i.e. DOT MATRIX or DAISY WHEEL). The printouts are
large, since the word is printed on the paper the same way it is
on your screen. You should get 3 words per page. The large size,
although somewhat cumbersome, gives you the added advantage of
cutting your listing up to produce flashcards (for those rare,
rare occasions when you don't have your computer with you....just
be careful not to spill any coffee on any of the words).
SYSTEM COMPATIBILITY
In order to achieve maximum system compatibility this
software was written in Microsoft Basic (v 5.2). It should run
with few or no changes on any CPM, MS-DOS, or TRSDOS system which
uses Microsoft Basic. It may be possible to modify it so that it
will run on any BASIC which supports an 80-character screen,
direct (or random) disk files, and string handling. The system
currently requires only about 32k memory, and can be run remotely
using MBYE (and probably other communication systems). It was èoriginally written on a Kaypro 2X. There are four video control
codes which are needed by this program. These are: clear screen,
up-cursor one line, down-cursor one line, and bell (or beep). The
user will need to load these codes into the subroutines at lines
4550, 4700, 4850, and 5000. If the user lacks the technical
ability to do this he may write the author (or send a message)
for assistance. In the meantime he should swap the PRINT
statements in these subroutines for a single RETURN statement.
This will enable the program to run, but some of the MENUs will
be a little off, and the general appearance will not be as neat.
The current version is set for the video codes of a Kaypro 2X.
But lets say the user needs video codes for a VT100. The current
clear screen for KAYPRO 2X is a hex 1A. This is a decimal 26 and
is used in the following manner.
4700 REM ************** CLEAR SCREEN CODE
4750 PRINT CHR$(26)
4850 RETURN
The VT100 terminal manual lists the clear screen code as ESC [2J.
The ESC means that an escape sequence is used, i.e. one which
begins with a hex 1B or a decimal 27. The [2J need to have their
ASCII values expressed. You can look these up in a character code
table, or basic will tell you with the ASC function (PRINT
ASC("[")) will print the number 91). The VT100 manual also warns
that their clear screen code does not automatically "HOME" the
cursor to the top lefthand part of the screen. You not only want
to clear your screen, you need to home the cursor. So you will
also need the Home cursor code, which is ESC [H. Your clear
screen routine will look like this:
4700 REM ************** CLEAR SCREEN CODE
4750 PRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(91);CHR$(50);CHR$(74)
4770 PRINT CHR$(27);CHR$(91);CHR$(72)
4800 RETURN
IF you are still hopelessly lost and cannot figure out what to
do, then change your routine to:
4700 REM ************** CLEAR SCREEN CODE
4800 RETURN
Your program will still work, but won't look as nice in some
places. Don't forget to change the routines for BELL, UP-CURSOR,
and DOWN-CURSOR as well as CLEAR SCREEN.
After you have changed these four subroutines then test the
program (RUN). If all is well, then save your custom version
(SAVE "RHEMA" on most Microsoft Basic systems).
Note: in the Appendix there are examples of complete changes to
make for IBM-PC systems and TANDY 1000 systems. Also many of you
will have recieved versions of RHEMA which have already been
customized for you. If you version has already been set for your
computer then there was a note stating that which was shipped
with the disk.è
CUSTOMIZING THE GREEK CHARACTERS
If you wish to change the way the GREEK characters are drawn
RHEMA makes it easy for you to do so. All characters are kept in
a file called ALPHA.BAS. Crank up your BASIC interpreter (or a
text or word processing program) and load the file (load it just
like a program from basic). The characters fall into 2 types:
letters and accents/special marks. All characters are 6 positions
wide. Letters are 9 positions tall. Vowels are 3 positions tall.
UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD YOU MODIFY THE ORDER OF THE LETTERS
OR THE SIZE OF THE LETTERS. IT WOULD ALSO BE WISE NOT TO RENUMBER
THE FILE.
The following is a sample portion of the file:
39600 DATA " "11
39650 DATA " "2
39700 DATA " @@ @"3
39750 DATA " @ @ "4
39800 DATA " @ @ "5
39850 DATA " @@ @"6
39900 DATA " "7
39950 DATA " "8
40000 DATA " "9
40050 DATA " "12
40100 DATA " "2
40150 DATA " @@ @"3
40200 DATA " @ @ "4
40250 DATA " @ @ "5
40300 DATA " @@ @"6
40350 DATA " @ "7
40400 DATA " @ "8
40450 DATA " @ "9
40500 DATA " "13
40550 DATA " @@@@ "2
40600 DATA " @ @"3
40650 DATA " @@@@ "4
40700 DATA " @ @"5
40750 DATA " @@@@ "6
40800 DATA " @ "7
40850 DATA " "8
40900 DATA " "9
40950 DATA " "14
41000 DATA " "2
41050 DATA " @ @"3
41100 DATA " @ @"4
41150 DATA " @ @ "5
41200 DATA " @ "6
41250 DATA " @ "7
41300 DATA " @ "8
41350 DATA " "9è These are the letters ALPHA, ALPHA-IOTA DIPTHONG, BETA, and
GAMMA. Suppose you don't care for this GAMMA. Maybe you would like one a
GAMMA with a straight instead of a slanted descender. You could do that by
retyping lines 40950-41350. You might like:
40950 DATA " "14
41000 DATA " "2
41050 DATA " @ @"3
41100 DATA " @ @"4
41150 DATA " @ @ "5
41200 DATA " @ "6
41250 DATA " @ "7
41300 DATA " @ "8
41350 DATA " "9
It is recommended that you always leave the first line of
the letter blank (like 40950) and that you always keep the
leftmost position (the first thing inside the first quote(")
blank. This will help readability. The drawing character also
need not be "@" (you could use "*" or "x" or anything else you
wish). But "@" seems to work well. The numbers on the right hand
side of the letters (11,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,12,2,3...) are there to
help identify which letter is which. "11" is the first line of
the first character. Each character has 9 lines. Lines 7-9 are
for parts of the character which seem to be below "the line". In
typesetting terms it is known as a "descender". This is why some
of your Greek characters have nothing beneath line 6.
When you finish your changes, if you have made them with a
BASIC interpreter rather than a word processor, then you will
need to save them to disk with the ASCII file option. On most
versions of Microsoft Basic this will require the command:
SAVE "ALPHA",A
********
VOCABULARY STORAGE
In order to save disk space, this software saves your words
as numeric codes. Each word, along with its definition, are
stored in a Direct Access disk file which requires 125 bytes per
record. Each record contains one word and its definition. This
means that on an average 400K disk, if 300K is left for
vocabulary you should have room for about 2500 words (which is
more than most of us may ever learn)! Definitions are limited to
65 character phrases. Multiple definitions are possible. For
example lets say you want to define "ANAGGELLO" as "I announce"
or as "I report" you could enter the definition as:
I ANNOUNCE **OR** I REPORT
The drill portion of the program would accept any of the èfollowing as correct answers:
I ANNOUNCE
ANNOUNCE
I REPORT
REPORT
You could also include in the definition area English
cognates to help you learn, and/or the part of speech the word is
(like NOUN NOM or PRESENT 1MS).
A sample VOCAB file is supplied with this package which
contains over 100 frequently used GREEK words. You may keep it
and expand it or delete it and start from scratch. It is also
possible to keep several vocabulary files at once. Thus you might
keep one named VERBS which had only verbs in it. Or you might
have one named F100 which contained only those Greek words which
have a frequency of more than 100 occurances in the New
Testament. When the program starts up it will ask you what the
name of the vocabulary file is you wish to use. If you strike the
carriage return or enter key at that prompt the system will use
its default file of VOCAB.GRK. Any new vocabulary files which you
specify the system will append the phrase "GRK" to for a file
name.
ANSWERING SYSTEM PROMPTS
Most of the questions that RHEMA asks you fall into either a
YES/NO category or are requesting some number (such as a menu
selection or a letter or word number). All YES/NO type questions
should be answered with either "Y" or "N" rather than "YES" or
"NO". RHEMA looks at all responses and will reask the question if
your answer is not something expected or is invalid. You can
usually return to the master menu level by answering a question
which wants a numeric response with either a 0 or by striking the
RETURN key. The word "HALT" will return all drill exercises to
the master menu when entered instead of a word definition.
CONCLUSION
I certainly hope that this software will be as much help to
you as it has been to me in learning GREEK. If you have trouble
with your copy, please contact me. I will do everything I can to
help you get your version up and running. If for any reason you
are not happy with RHEMA and would like your money returned, then
let me know. If you don't think this software is worth the $10.00
you payed for it then I will be more than happy to refund your
money.
In the future I will be developing some other programs to
aid both language students and those in church work. If you have
any ideas you would like for me to try then let me know. Those of
you who buy RHEMA will be personally notified of any other
software which I develop in these areas. And since I am not
interrested in buying expensive software, you can be certain the èsoftware I sell will be low-cost.
DEDICATED TO THE HONOUR AND SERVICE OF JESUS CHRIST
APPENDIX
The following are two examples of complete changes to make
to the video drivers for this program. To begin with, the program
has its codes in KAYPRO 2X format. They look like this:
4550 REM ************************ RING BELL CODE
4600 PRINT CHR$(7);CHR$(7);
4650 RETURN
4700 REM ************************ CLEAR SCREEN CODE
4750 PRINT CHR$(26)
4800 RETURN
4850 REM ************************ CURSOR UP SCREEN CODE
4900 PRINT CHR$(11);
4950 RETURN
5000 REM ************************ CURSOR DOWN SCREEN CODE
5050 PRINT CHR$(10);
5100 RETURN
IBM PC VERSION
If you have an IBM PC follow the steps below to fix your system:
1. Place Basic diskette in main drive (Usually drive "A")
2. Place RHEMA diskette in second drive (Usually drive "B")
3. Start Basic (GWBASIC on most IBMs)
4. Load RHEMA (LOAD "B:RHEMA" on most IBMs)
5. Type the following lines:
4750 CLS
4900 PRINT CHR$(62);
5050 PRINT CHR$(63);
LIST 4550-5100
Your computer should respond by listing lines 4850-5650. They
should look like this:
4550 REM ************************ RING BELL CODE
4600 PRINT CHR$(7);CHR$(7);
4650 RETURN
4700 REM ************************ CLEAR SCREEN CODE
4750 CLS
4800 RETURN
4850 REM ************************ CURSOR UP SCREEN CODE
4900 PRINT CHR$(62);
4950 RETURN
5000 REM ************************ CURSOR DOWN SCREEN CODE
5050 PRINT CHR$(63);
5100 RETURN
If your lines look like the above then save your new copy of the
program (SAVE "B:RHEMA" on most IBMs). If your code does not look
like the above then reset your computer, begin at step 1 and try again.
è
TANDY 1000 VERSION
If you have an TANDY 1000 follow the steps below to fix your system:
1. Place Basic diskette in main drive (Usually drive "A")
2. Place RHEMA diskette in second drive (Usually drive "B")
3. Start Basic (BASIC on most TANDY 1000s)
4. Load RHEMA (LOAD "B:RHEMA" on most TANDY 1000s)
5. Type the following lines:
4750 CLS
4900 PRINT CHR$(30);
5100 PRINT CHR$(31);
LIST 4550-5100
Your computer should respond by listing lines 4550-5100. They
should look like this:
4550 REM ************************ RING BELL CODE
4600 PRINT CHR$(7);CHR$(7);
4650 RETURN
4700 REM ************************ CLEAR SCREEN CODE
4750 CLS
4800 RETURN
4850 REM ************************ CURSOR UP SCREEN CODE
4900 PRINT CHR$(30);
4950 RETURN
5000 REM ************************ CURSOR DOWN SCREEN CODE
5050 PRINT CHR$(31);
5100 RETURN
If your lines look like the above then save your new copy of the
program (SAVE "B:RHEMA" on most TANDY 1000s). If your code does not look
like the above then reset your computer, begin at step 1 and try again.
FIRST BACKUP
A. Format a blank diskette.
B. Put your operating system on it.
C. Copy your version of BASIC to it.
D. Copy all of the files from your orginal RHEMA diskette to it.
E. Keep your original in a safe place. The disk you have just
created is your new working copy.
DO NOT PLAY WITH THE PROGRAM UNTIL YOU HAVE MADE
YOUR FIRST BACKUP COPY
You may make future backups using the same procedure. Our
you may just periodically copy your vocabulary file onto a backup
disk. Then if you need it, take the following steps:
STEPS TO RECOVER FROM DISK CRASH
(or how to bring the program and vocabulary back from
electronic nirvana)
A. Place a brand new disk in drive B:
B. Place your system disk in drive A:
C. Load your BACKUP program (see your system manual) and follow
the steps for backing up a system disk. Insert your first
backup of the RHEMA software in drive A: when your backup
program tells you to load your source diskette.
D. After your BACKUP program finishes, then use your copy program
(PIP or ZX3 for CPM systems) to copy your latest version of
your vocabulary file onto your new working RHEMA diskette.
You should now be back in business.
NOTES:
1) MICROSOFT BASIC is a trademark of Microsoft, Inc.
2) CP/M is a registered trademark of Digital Research
3) MS-DOS is a registered trademark of Microsoft, Inc.
4) TRSDOS is a trademark of Radio Shack, a division of Tandy
Corporation.